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The Sociological Imagination – C. Wright Mills (1959): Book Summary

C. Wright Mills’ The Sociological Imagination, published in 1959, stands as a seminal work in sociological theory and a passionate critique of the state of social science in post-World War II America. More than just a textbook, it is a manifesto, a call to arms for sociologists to engage with the vital connections between individual […]

Capital (Das Kapital): A Critique of Political Economy – Karl Marx (Detailed Summary)

Karl Marx’s Capital: A Critique of Political Economy stands as one of the most influential and incisive analyses of capitalism ever written. Composed over decades and published in three volumes (with two edited posthumously by Friedrich Engels), the work dismantles the economic, social, and philosophical foundations of capitalist society. Marx’s aim was not merely to critique classical

Capital Volume II: The Process of Circulation of Capital (1885) – Marx and Engels (Summary)

Karl Marx’s Capital Volume II: The Process of Circulation of Capital (1885), edited posthumously by Friedrich Engels, shifts focus from the production of surplus value to the realization of value through the circulation of capital. This volume examines how capital moves through its cyclical metamorphoses—money, productive, and commodity forms—while addressing the systemic contradictions that threaten capitalist reproduction. Though often

Capital Volume I: The Process of Production of Capital (1867) – Karl Marx (Summary)

Karl Marx’s Capital Volume I: The Process of Production of Capital (1867) is a monumental work that systematically dismantles the capitalist mode of production by exposing its economic foundations, social contradictions, and historical specificity. Through a dialectical materialist framework, Marx analyzes how capitalism transforms labor into a commodity, extracts surplus value from workers, and perpetuates exploitation through

Radical and Reformative Peasant Movement

Difference between Radical and Reformative Peasant Movement

Movements are collective efforts undertaken by a group of people to bring about social, economic, or political change. They emerge due to dissatisfaction with existing conditions and aim to challenge or reform systems that affect people’s lives. Movements can be classified based on their objectives, strategies, and the extent of change they seek. Peasant movements,

Iran’s Strategic Importance to India: Sociological and Geopolitical Perspectives

Parth Raman and Pegah Mostajeran Iran’s significance to India is deeply rooted in shared historical, cultural, and civilizational ties that date back centuries. From the time of the Mughal Empire to the modern era, Iran’s influence on India’s art, architecture, language, and literature has been profound. Persian served as the court language of the Mughals

The Andaman Islanders

A.R. Redcliffe-Brown – The Andaman Islanders (Detailed Summary)

Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown’s The Andaman Islanders: A Study in Social Anthropology (1922) represents a transformative milestone in the field of anthropology, heralding the emergence of structural-functionalism as a dominant theoretical framework. This work was not just an ethnographic account of the Andamanese people but a bold reimagining of how societies could be understood—as cohesive systems

Argonauts of the Western Pacific

Malinowski – Argonauts of the Western Pacific (Detailed Summary)

Bronisław Malinowski’s Argonauts of the Western Pacific is a landmark in anthropology, offering a vivid account of the Trobriand Islanders of Papua New Guinea. Published in 1922, this work serves as a foundational text for modern ethnographic studies, emphasizing participant observation and meticulous fieldwork. The book broke new ground in the discipline by moving beyond

Radical and Reformative Peasant Movement

Distinction Between Community and Society (Difference and Interdependence)

Introduction The concepts of community and society are fundamental in sociology, often used to describe different forms of human association. While they are closely related, they differ in terms of structure, function, and the nature of relationships within them. The study of these distinctions helps sociologists understand how individuals interact in different social settings and

The Concept of Values in Sociology

Introduction Values are fundamental to understanding human societies, shaping individuals’ beliefs, actions, and interactions. In sociology, values are considered the guiding principles that influence both personal decisions and collective norms. They serve as a foundation for cultural identity, social order, and institutional frameworks. This article explores the concept of values in sociology, discussing their definitions,

Difference Between Norms and Values

What is the Difference Between Norms and Values

Societies are built upon the twin pillars of norms and values. While both serve as guidelines for behavior and societal cohesion, they are distinct in both nature and function. In this article we will discuss the difference between norms and values. Introduction In the realm of social sciences, understanding how people behave in groups is

What are Social Norms in Sociology?

Social norms are the unwritten rules that govern behavior within societies. They shape the way we interact, define acceptable behavior, and contribute significantly to social order. Even though many of these rules are not formally codified, their influence permeates every aspect of our lives—from how we greet one another to the laws that govern our

Legal Genocide of MEN: Employing the Law as the Weapon

Arvind “The greatest contributor to the destruction of any civilization has always been the Structural & Institutional abuse of it to effect Inequality” “Rights are indeed the Oxygen through which an entity exists in the legal realm, to do away with this rights or oxygen is to effect legal genocide of all those whose rights

Generational Identity

Threads of Generational Identity: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects

Kinjal Sampat To Belong How dire and how complex it is to belong. At birth, the powerful markers of ethnic, gender, economic, and spatial distinctions and stratification already claim us.  Throughout our lives, we embody philosophies, opinions, habits, and trends to signal our belonging overtly. Treading precariously along the lines of inclusions and exclusions. Everyday

Modern Dating Culture

Escapism in Modern Dating Culture

In modern dating culture, intimacy has become a quick-turnover commodity, trading emotional depth for instant gratification and convenience.

Negative to positive secularism

Transition from the Negative Secularism to the Positive Secularism through The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976

Arvind “The polar ends of any substance are indeed unified by the very substance that they strive to be polar ends of” “Secularism” as a terminology has been marketed largely as a Western notion which grants- “Ideological communal liberty”. Nevertheless, the Indian understanding of Secularism has a sui generis nature which extends to both its

The Butterfly Effect: India’s Strategic Pivot From Canada to China 

Parth Raman International relationship only works on equations rather than treaties. As famously said, there are no permanent enemies nor friends in foreign policy.  The States has directly engaged in a cold war against Russia and China. Previously, the term ‘Cold War’ was used from 1945 to 1991. Maybe the USA is on the decline

Hunting and Gathering Society

Sources of Indian History: Tracing the Past Through Various Sources

India, with its rich and diverse heritage, offers a fascinating variety of historical records. The study of Indian history involves an exploration of various sources, ranging from material remains to literary accounts. The sources of Indian history collectively illuminate the cultural, social, economic, and political dimensions of ancient India. The main sources of Indian history

Society

Socialization and Agencies of Socialization

Concept of Socialization Introduction Socialization in simple terms means how we learn to be part of society. It’s like when you first start a new job or move to a new town – you gotta figure out how things work, what people expect from you, and how to fit in. But socialization is way bigger

Sociology and Psychology: Similarities and Differences

Introduction The disciplines of sociology and psychology stand as pillars within the social sciences, each offering unique perspectives on human behavior and social interactions. While these fields share certain commonalities, they also maintain distinct approaches and areas of focus. This analysis aims to elucidate the relationship between sociology and psychology, exploring their conceptual foundations, similarities,