Max Weber’s concept of rationality stands as a cornerstone in his sociological framework, profoundly influencing his understanding of modern society, the development of capitalism, the structure of law, and the nature of bureaucracy. His exploration of rationality is inseparably linked to the broader historical process of rationalization, which he identified as a defining characteristic of […]
Anthony Giddens (born 18 January 1938) is a leading British sociologist whose work has profoundly shaped contemporary social theory. He is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential social theorists of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Over his career, he has published roughly 40 books and hundreds of articles, addressing
Introduction Gender is one of the most fundamental social divisions in human society, yet it remains one of the most misunderstood and contested categories of human experience. While sex refers to the biological differences between males and females — such as chromosomal, hormonal, and anatomical distinctions — gender is a deeply social phenomenon. It encompasses
C. Wright Mills’ The Sociological Imagination, published in 1959, stands as a seminal work in sociological theory and a passionate critique of the state of social science in post-World War II America. More than just a textbook, it is a manifesto, a call to arms for sociologists to engage with the vital connections between individual
Published posthumously in 1894 by Friedrich Engels, Volume III of Capital marks a crucial evolution in Karl Marx’s critique of political economy. Whereas Volume I analyzed the production of surplus value and Volume II focused on the circulation of capital, Volume III turns its attention to the capitalist system as a totality, dealing with the
Karl Marx’s Capital: A Critique of Political Economy stands as one of the most influential and incisive analyses of capitalism ever written. Composed over decades and published in three volumes (with two edited posthumously by Friedrich Engels), the work dismantles the economic, social, and philosophical foundations of capitalist society. Marx’s aim was not merely to critique classical
Karl Marx’s Capital Volume II: The Process of Circulation of Capital (1885), edited posthumously by Friedrich Engels, shifts focus from the production of surplus value to the realization of value through the circulation of capital. This volume examines how capital moves through its cyclical metamorphoses—money, productive, and commodity forms—while addressing the systemic contradictions that threaten capitalist reproduction. Though often
Karl Marx’s Capital Volume I: The Process of Production of Capital (1867) is a monumental work that systematically dismantles the capitalist mode of production by exposing its economic foundations, social contradictions, and historical specificity. Through a dialectical materialist framework, Marx analyzes how capitalism transforms labor into a commodity, extracts surplus value from workers, and perpetuates exploitation through
Movements are collective efforts undertaken by a group of people to bring about social, economic, or political change. They emerge due to dissatisfaction with existing conditions and aim to challenge or reform systems that affect people’s lives. Movements can be classified based on their objectives, strategies, and the extent of change they seek. Peasant movements,
Parth Raman and Pegah Mostajeran Iran’s significance to India is deeply rooted in shared historical, cultural, and civilizational ties that date back centuries. From the time of the Mughal Empire to the modern era, Iran’s influence on India’s art, architecture, language, and literature has been profound. Persian served as the court language of the Mughals
Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown’s The Andaman Islanders: A Study in Social Anthropology (1922) represents a transformative milestone in the field of anthropology, heralding the emergence of structural-functionalism as a dominant theoretical framework. This work was not just an ethnographic account of the Andamanese people but a bold reimagining of how societies could be understood—as cohesive systems
Bronisław Malinowski’s Argonauts of the Western Pacific is a landmark in anthropology, offering a vivid account of the Trobriand Islanders of Papua New Guinea. Published in 1922, this work serves as a foundational text for modern ethnographic studies, emphasizing participant observation and meticulous fieldwork. The book broke new ground in the discipline by moving beyond
Introduction The concepts of community and society are fundamental in sociology, often used to describe different forms of human association. While they are closely related, they differ in terms of structure, function, and the nature of relationships within them. The study of these distinctions helps sociologists understand how individuals interact in different social settings and
Introduction Values are fundamental to understanding human societies, shaping individuals’ beliefs, actions, and interactions. In sociology, values are considered the guiding principles that influence both personal decisions and collective norms. They serve as a foundation for cultural identity, social order, and institutional frameworks. This article explores the concept of values in sociology, discussing their definitions,
Societies are built upon the twin pillars of norms and values. While both serve as guidelines for behavior and societal cohesion, they are distinct in both nature and function. In this article we will discuss the difference between norms and values. Introduction In the realm of social sciences, understanding how people behave in groups is
Social norms are the unwritten rules that govern behavior within societies. They shape the way we interact, define acceptable behavior, and contribute significantly to social order. Even though many of these rules are not formally codified, their influence permeates every aspect of our lives—from how we greet one another to the laws that govern our
Arvind “The greatest contributor to the destruction of any civilization has always been the Structural & Institutional abuse of it to effect Inequality” “Rights are indeed the Oxygen through which an entity exists in the legal realm, to do away with this rights or oxygen is to effect legal genocide of all those whose rights
Arvind “A corporate body is not what it thinks it is, it is neither what others think it is, it is what it thinks, others think it is” – A modified version of Cooley’s looking glass Theory The argument advanced by the cynicism rests on the principle that – “All actions are motivated by
Learn how to protect savings from inflation as rising prices erode purchasing power, impact debt, and threaten long-term financial security.
Kinjal Sampat To Belong How dire and how complex it is to belong. At birth, the powerful markers of ethnic, gender, economic, and spatial distinctions and stratification already claim us. Throughout our lives, we embody philosophies, opinions, habits, and trends to signal our belonging overtly. Treading precariously along the lines of inclusions and exclusions. Everyday
In modern dating culture, intimacy has become a quick-turnover commodity, trading emotional depth for instant gratification and convenience.
Madness and civilization by Foucault critically examines the concept of madness in West, its cultural perceptions, from confinement to treatment.
Arvind “The polar ends of any substance are indeed unified by the very substance that they strive to be polar ends of” “Secularism” as a terminology has been marketed largely as a Western notion which grants- “Ideological communal liberty”. Nevertheless, the Indian understanding of Secularism has a sui generis nature which extends to both its
Parth Raman International relationship only works on equations rather than treaties. As famously said, there are no permanent enemies nor friends in foreign policy. The States has directly engaged in a cold war against Russia and China. Previously, the term ‘Cold War’ was used from 1945 to 1991. Maybe the USA is on the decline
Sociology examines large-scale social structures in modern societies, while anthropology studies diverse cultures and traditions, often through immersive, qualitative methods.
